COVID-19: Some unresolved issues / COVID-19: Algunos asuntos no resueltos

Two years after the COVID-19 pandemic, many uncertainties persist about the causal agent, the disease and its future. This document contains the reflection of the COVID-19 working group of the Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) in relation to some questions that remain unresolved. The document includes considerations on the origin of the virus, the current indication for diagnostic tests, the value of severity scores in the onset of the disease and the added risk posed by hypertension or dementia. We also discuss the possibility of deducing viral behavior from the examination of the structure of the complete viral genome, the future of some drug associations and the current role of therapeutic resources such as corticosteroids or extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO). We review the scarce existing information on the reality of COVID 19 in Africa, the uncertainties about the future of the pandemic and the status of vaccines, and the data and uncertainties about the long-term pulmonary sequelae of those who suffered severe pneumonia. (AU)

Cuando han transcurrido ya dos años de la pandemia de COVID-19 persisten muchas incertidumbres sobre el agente causal, la enfermedad y su futuro. El presente documento contiene la reflexión del grupo de trabajo sobre COVID-19 del Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Médicos de Madrid (ICOMEM) en relación a algunas preguntas que nos parecen sin resolver. El documento incluye reflexiones sobre el origen del virus, la indicación actual de pruebas diagnósticas, el valor de los “scores” de gravedad en el comienzo de la enfermedad y el riesgo añadido que supone la hipertensión o la demencia. Se discute también, la posibilidad de deducir del examen de la estructura del genoma viral completo el comportamiento viral, el futuro de algunas asociaciones de fármacos y el papel actual de recursos terapéuticos como los corticoides o la oxigenación extracorpórea (ECMO). Revisamos la escasa información existente sobre la realidad de la COVID-19 en África, las incertidumbres sobre el futuro de la pandemia y la situación de las vacunas y los datos e incertidumbres sobre las secuelas pulmonares a largo plazo de los que padecieron neumonía grave. (AU)

Epidemiological and co-infection characteristics of common human coronaviruses in Shanghai, 2015-2020: a retrospective observational study.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a major challenge worldwide. However, the epidemic potential of common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and co-infection characteristics of common HCoVs in individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). This retrospective, observational, multicentre study used data collected from patients admitted to nine sentinel hospitals with ILI and SARI from January 2015 through December 2020 in Shanghai, China. We prospectively tested patients for a total of 22 respiratory pathogens using multi-real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 4541 patients tested, 40.37% (1833/4541) tested positive for respiratory pathogens and 3.59% (163/4541) tested positive for common HCoVs. HCoV infection was more common in the non-endemic season for respiratory pathogens (odds ratio: 2.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.64-3.31). HCoV-OC43 (41.72%, 68/163) was the most common type of HCoV detected. The co-infection rate was 31.29% (51/163) among 163 HCoV-positive cases, with HCoV-229E (53.13%, 17/32), the HCoV type that was most frequently associated with co-infection. Respiratory pathogens responsible for co-infections with HCoVs included parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza A virus, and adenovirus. Furthermore, we identified one patient co-infected with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63/HKU1. The prevalence of common HCoVs remains low in ILI/SARI cases, in Shanghai. However, the seasonal pattern of HCoVs may be opposite to that of other respiratory pathogens. Moreover, HCoVs are likely to co-exist with specific respiratory pathogens. The potential role of co-infections with HCoVs and other pathogenic microorganisms in infection and pathogenesis of ILI and SARI warrants further study.

An ancient viral epidemic involving host coronavirus interacting genes more than 20,000 years ago in East Asia.

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of human populations to novel viral pressures, despite the vast array of epidemiological and biomedical tools now available. Notably, modern human genomes contain evolutionary information tracing back tens of thousands of years, which may help identify the viruses that have impacted our ancestors-pointing to which viruses have future pandemic potential. Here, we apply evolutionary analyses to human genomic datasets to recover selection events involving tens of human genes that interact with coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, that likely started more than 20,000 years ago. These adaptive events were limited to the population ancestral to East Asian populations. Multiple lines of functional evidence support an ancient viral selective pressure, and East Asia is the geographical origin of several modern coronavirus epidemics. An arms race with an ancient coronavirus, or with a different virus that happened to use similar interactions as coronaviruses with human hosts, may thus have taken place in ancestral East Asian populations. By learning more about our ancient viral foes, our study highlights the promise of evolutionary information to better predict the pandemics of the future. Importantly, adaptation to ancient viral epidemics in specific human populations does not necessarily imply any difference in genetic susceptibility between different human populations, and the current evidence points toward an overwhelming impact of socioeconomic factors in the case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Pandemia de desinformação: as fake news no contexto da Covid-19 no Brasil / The pandemic of disinformation: fake news in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil / Pandemia de desinformación: fake news en el contexto del Covid-19 en Brasil

Desde o final de 2019, o mundo tem enfrentado uma das mais graves pandemias da História: a Covid-19. Os riscos de contaminação, a busca pela cura, a necessidade de isolamento social, os números de morte que crescem a cada dia. O mundo já havia passado por tudo isso em outras crises sanitárias, mas a atual tem particularidades: graças aos avanços tecnológicos e ao advento da internet, hoje vivemos em uma sociedade em rede, na qual os indivíduos estão conectados de maneira global e a informação circula intensamente por meio de dispositivos digitais. Com instituições em crise, autoridades perdem credibilidade e vivenciamos a Era da Pós-verdade, onde reinam as fake news. Neste trabalho, discutiremos esse cenário da desinformação, infodemia e desinfodemia e traremos, de maneira expositiva, diversas fake news disseminadas durante a pandemia no Brasil ­ coletadas em portais de notícias, entre março e setembro de 2020, e organizadas conforme categorização temática de Posetti e Bontcheva.

Since the end of 2019, the world has faced one of the most serious pandemics in history: Covid-19. The risks of contamination, the search for a cure, the need for social isolation, the death numbers that are growing every day. The world had already gone through all this in other health crises, but the current one has particularities: thanks to technological advances and the advent of the internet, today we live in a networked society, in which individuals are globally connected and information circulates intensively through digital devices. With institutions in crisis, authorities lose credibility and we experience the Post- Truth Era, where fake news reigns. In this paper, we will discuss this scenario of disinformation, infodemia and disinfodemia and will bring, in an expository way, several fake news disseminated during the pandemic in Brazil - collected in news portals, between March and September 2020, and organized according to the thematic categorization of Posetti and Bontcheva.

Desde finales de 2019, el mundo se ha enfrentado a una de las pandemias más graves de la historia: Covid-19. Los riesgos de contaminación, la búsqueda de una cura, la necesidad de aislamiento social, las cifras de muertes que aumentan cada día. El mundo ya había pasado por todo esto en otras crisis de salud, pero la actual tiene particularidades: gracias a los avances tecnológicos y el advenimiento de internet, hoy vivimos en una sociedad en red, en la que los individuos están conectados globalmente y la información circula intensamente por dispositivos digitales. Con instituciones en crisis, las autoridades pierden credibilidad y vivimos la Era de la Post-Verdad, donde reinan las fake news. En este artículo, discutiremos este escenario de desinformación, infodemia y disinfodemia y traerá, de manera expositiva, varias fake news difundidas durante la pandemia en Brasil, recogidas en portales de noticias, entre marzo y septiembre de 2020, y organizadas según el categorización temática de Posetti y Bontcheva.

Primeira paciente pós UTI por Covid 19 no Tocantins

Primeira paciente grave de Covid 19 a sobreviver após passar dias na uti e 22 dias de internação, a primeira e única paciente grave até o momento, que conseguiu sair sem sequelas após uma infecção por coronavírus, mesmo tendo uma forma grave da doença e ser paciente de risco, recebe alta curada da infecção por corona vírus.

Taxa de ocupação dos leitos de covid chega a 100%

Taxa de ocupação dos leitos de covid chega a 100% ! #Araguaina #tocantins #programacomunidade #divinobethaniajr #divino #jornalismo #comunidade #informação #reportagem #band #amazonia #tvamazonia #canal10.1 #saúde #saude #covid19 #leitos #hra

Capacitação sobre o COVID-2019 (Coronavírus)

O médico infectologista, André Prudente, sobre o Coronavírus: - história do vírus; - epidemiologia; - quadro clínico; - diagnóstico; - manejo

Pandemia por Covid-19: el mayor reto de la historia del intensivismo / Covid-19 Pandemic: the greatest challenge in the history of critical care

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Resilience, relevance, remembering: history in the time of coronavirus.

In a time of unprecedented and rapid change, what are the roles of librarians and archivists in documenting the course of a pandemic?

Can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

Much more serious than the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks, the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread speedily, affecting 213 countries and causing ∼17,300,000 cases and ∼672,000 (∼+1,500/day) deaths globally (as of July 31, 2020). The potentially fatal coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, gastrointestinal, hematological, nervous, and renal systems. The dramatic scale of disorders and complications arises from the inadequacy of current treatments and absence of a vaccine and specific anti-COVID-19 drugs to suppress viral replication, inflammation, and additional pathogenic conditions. This highlights the importance of understanding the SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of actions and the urgent need of prospecting for new or alternative treatment options. The main objective of the present review is to discuss the challenging issue relative to the clinical utility of plants-derived polyphenols in fighting viral infections. Not only is the strong capacity of polyphenols highlighted in magnifying health benefits, but the underlying mechanisms are also stressed. Finally, emphasis is placed on the potential ability of polyphenols to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection via the regulation of its molecular targets of human cellular binding and replication, as well as through the resulting host inflammation, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways.

O que sabemos sobre a origem do novo coronavírus? [libras]

"COVID - 19: Perguntas e respostas" é resultado de uma parceria entre o Laboratório Aberto de Interatividade para a Disseminação do Conhecimento Científico e Tecnológico (LAbI), o Laboratório de Tradução Audiovisual da Língua de Sinais (LATRAVILIS) e o projeto InformaSUS, todos vinculados à Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar).

Informações sobre a origem do novo coronavírus COVID-19 [libras]

Você conhece a origem do coronavírus? A professora Rita Cubel do departamento de microbiologia e parasitologia do Instituto Biomédico da UFF preparou essa aula sobre o assunto, com a interpretação em libras feita pela professora de Libras do departamento de letras clássicas e vernáculas do Instituto de Letras, Gildete Amorim.

COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 16 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 17 May 2020).

Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 17 May 2020: notifications = 7,075; deaths = 100. The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced dramatically since a peak in mid-March. Social distancing measures, public health action and the reduction in international travel have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease, in the Australian community. Testing rates over the past week have increased markedly, with a continued very low proportion of people testing positive. These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. It is important that testing rates and community adherence to public health measures remain high to support the continued suppression of the virus, particularly in vulnerable high-risk groups and settings. New cases of COVID-19 are currently being reported by by only some jurisdictions, albeit at relatively low rates. Although case numbers are low, new cases tend to still be a mix of overseas-acquired and locally-acquired infections. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a known case or cluster. Although the proportion of locally-acquired cases has increased, the overall rate of new cases, regardless of place of acquisition, continues to decrease. The crude case fatality rate in Australia remains low (1.4%), compared with the WHO reported global rate (6.9%). The low case fatality rate is likely reflective of high case detection and high quality of health care services in Australia. Deaths from COVID-19 in Australia have occurred predominantly among the elderly and those with comorbidities, with no deaths occurring in those under 40 years. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 60-79 years. One third of all cases in this age group have been associated with several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in young children, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, while the number of new cases each day remains relatively stable at the global level, some areas such as Brazil and India are showing a dramatic rise in reported cases. Although some low-income countries have so far reported few cases, it is possible that this is due to limited diagnostic and public health capacity, and may not be reflective of true disease incidence.